In order to daisy-chain Thunderbolt devices a Thunderbolt or USB4 connection is required. In reality though 40 Gbit/s gives a maximum of 32.4 Gbit/s for data, while the rest is reserved for DisplayPort. Sales of these units were hurt by the 2011 floods in Thailand (who manufacture much of the world's supply of hard-drives) resulting in a cut to worldwide hard-drive production and a subsequent driving-up of storage costs, hence the retail price of these Promise units increased in response, contributing to a slower take-up of the devices. So, you connect … [52], Intel says Thunderbolt 2 will be able to transfer a 4K video while simultaneously displaying it on a discrete monitor.[53]. This eliminates the need for a separate power supply from some devices. Much later on, from April 2020, optical Thunderbolt 3 cables were finally released (see Copper vs. optical section above). This page was last edited on 8 May 2021, at 16:09. In May 2011, Apple announced a new line of iMacs that include the Thunderbolt interface. Tunnelling of DP1.4, USB 3 (10G), PCIe (32G). Apple announced Thunderbolt 2 in June 2013 at their developer-conference (WWDC) and said it would ship in the next Mac Pro generation. In electrical and electronic engineering, a daisy chain is a wiring scheme in which multiple devices are wired together in sequence or in a ring,[1] similar to a garland of daisy flowers. Later, other brands similarly introduced high capacity models with the newer connection type, including G-Technology (with their G-RAID Studio models offering up to 24 TB) and LaCie (with their 5big, and rack mounted 8big models, offering up to 48 TB). [38], In early 2021, copper Thunderbolt 4 cables arrived from many companies at the 0.8 m (3 ft) length. Other implementations of the technology began in 2012, with desktop boards offering the interconnection now available.[42]. #NAB2019 #NABShow", "Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Begin Rolling Out in Lengths Up to 50 Meters", "Corning's Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Now Available in Lengths From 5 to 50 Meters", "Intel Thunderbolt 4 announcement press deck", "New high-speed connection tech due from Apple", "Apple to Introduce Light Peak (High Speed Connection Technology) Soon? In January 2011, Intel's David Perlmutter told Computerworld that initial Thunderbolt implementations would be based on copper wires. At the logical level, Thunderbolt 2 enables channel aggregation, whereby the two previously separate 10 Gbit/s channels can be combined into a single logical 20 Gbit/s channel. [107] As an active cable, it contains circuitry in its connectors. [68], On 8 January 2018, Intel announced a product refresh (codenamed Titan Ridge) with "enhanced robustness" and support for DisplayPort 1.4. Joel Konicek, Karen Little. In May 2020, the Thunderspy seven major security flaws were discovered in the Thunderbolt protocol, which allow a malicious party to access all data stored in a computer, even if the device is locked, password-protected, and has an encrypted hard drive. Other examples of devices which can be used to form daisy chains are those based on USB, FireWire, Thunderbolt and Ethernet cables. [28] A major advantage of copper is the ability to carry power. [85][86] As of May 2019, it is possible to have Thunderbolt 3 support on AMD using add-in cards without any problems,[87] and motherboards like ASRock X570 Creator already have Thunderbolt 3 port. Intel and industry partners are still developing optical Thunderbolt hardware and cables. Although Thunderbolt has initially had poor hardware support outside of Apple devices and has been relegated to a niche gadget port, the adoption of the Thunderbolt 3 using USB-C connector standard into a wide array of hardware bodes well for market acceptance of the standard, besides that it will become part of USB4 standard. 40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 compliant (peripheral only), with 4x Thunderbolt 4 ports for branching hub topology. Initially, most devices did not come with an included Thunderbolt cable to keep selling cost lower, hence the mass usage of Apple's cables or third-party cables, especially if a user wanted 3 m (10 ft) length, but most devices eventually began including some length of copper Thunderbolt cable with the product. The components must also behave cooperatively. These vulnerabilities affect all Thunderbolt 1, 2 and 3 ports. Gigabyte and MSI, large computer component manufacturers, entered the market for the first time with Thunderbolt 3 compatible components. At the same demonstration, Intel officials said they expected hardware manufacturing to begin around the end of 2010. That wasn’t possible with bus-powered drives. [69], The USB4 specification was released on 29 August 2019 by USB Implementers Forum,[70] based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol specification.[71]. 2 m (7 ft) cables are available in two types: passive ones offering only 20Gbit/s speed but cheaper in cost, and more expensive active 2 m (7 ft) ones offering the full 40Gbit/s speed. Eventually, Intel hopes for a purely optical transceiver assembly embedded in the PC.[31]. Several other brands have released copper Thunderbolt cables, with some going up to the maximum 3 metres (10 feet) allowable for copper Thunderbolt 1 & 2 cables. Although operation cannot be guaranteed, it may be possible to create a daisy chain from a PC with Thunderbolt 3 or USB Type-C if the following conditions are met. [95][96] The IOMMU virtualization, if present, and configured by the BIOS and the operating system, can close a computer's vulnerability to DMA attacks,[95] but only if a malicious device can't alter the code that configures the IOMMU before the code is executed. They had to be placed last in the Thunderbolt chain… and the chain was limited to just one bus-powered device! [45] A DP monitor must be the last (or only) device in a chain of Thunderbolt devices. In that respect, Thunderbolt shares a relationship with the older ACCESS.bus system, which used the display connector to support a low-speed bus. [94] Such attacks have been demonstrated, modifying inexpensive commodity Thunderbolt hardware. [50] Thunderbolt 2 shipped in the 2013 MacBook Pro, released on 22 October 2013. Connects to any Thunderbolt 3 computer port, or at the end of a Thunderbolt 3 device daisy chain. The cable is actually a crossover cable, it swaps all receive and transmit lanes; e.g. 1997. Later models had the USB 3.0 added in addition to the two Thunderbolt ports, including those from LaCie on their 2big range. An attacker could physically attach a malicious device, which, through its direct and unimpeded access to system memory and other devices, would be able to bypass almost all security measures of the operating system, allowing the attacker to read and write system memory, potentially exposing encryption keys or installing malware. With the introduction of Thunderbolt 3, Intel announced that otherwise-standard passive USB-C cables would be able to connect Thunderbolt devices at lower speeds than full active Thunderbolt cables, but still faster than USB 3.1. maxim-ic.com - Electrical Engineering Glossary Definition for Daisy Chain, "ViaTAP user's manual, chapter Design guidelines for use with ViaTAP", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)&oldid=1015923237, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Older displays that using DP 1.1a or earlier must be located at the end of a Thunderbolt device chain, but native displays can be anywhere along the line. Up to 60m. [35], In April 2019, Corning showed an optical Thunderbolt 3 cable at the 2019 NAB Show in Las Vegas, with no release date yet announced. Thunderbolt – like many high-speed expansion buses, including PCI Express, PC Card, ExpressCard, FireWire, PCI, and PCI-X — is potentially vulnerable to a direct memory access (DMA) attack. [10] Thunderbolt devices can go anywhere on the chain. DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0: USB 4 supports DisplayPort 2.0 over its alternative mode. Thunderbolt 4 was announced at CES 2020[74] and the final specification was released in July 2020. [56] It shares USB-C connectors with USB,[57][58][59] and can require special "active" cables for maximum performance for cable lengths over 0.5 meters (1.5 feet). [21], On 4 May 2010, in Brussels, Intel demonstrated a laptop with a Light Peak connector, indicating that the technology had shrunk enough to fit inside such a device, and had the laptop send two simultaneous HD video streams down the connection, indicating that at least some fraction of the software/firmware stacks and protocols were functional. [102][103] In February 2015, Apple issued a Security Update to Mac OS X to eliminate the vulnerability of loading Option ROMs during firmware updates, although the system is still vulnerable to Option ROM attacks during normal boots.[104]. Some hardware can be attached to a computing system in a daisy chain configuration by connecting each component to another similar component, rather than directly to the computing system that uses the component. [47] The developer kit is being provided only on request.[48]. [72][73] The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type and application. *", "Optical thunderbolt 3 cables from Corning. It supports 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s) throughput, is compatible with Thunderbolt 3, and backwards compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. Thunderbolt 2 is backwards compatible, which means that all Thunderbolt cables and connectors are compatible with Thunderbolt 1. Sumitomo Electric Industries started selling up to 30-metre-long (100-foot) optical Thunderbolt cables in Japan in January, 2013,[15] and Corning, Inc., began selling up to 60-metre-long (200-foot) optical cables in the U.S. in late September, 2013. The interface was originally intended to run exclusively on an optical physical layer using components and flexible optical fiber cabling developed by Intel partners and at Intel's Silicon Photonics lab. German company DeLock also released optical Thunderbolt cables in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft) in 2013, priced similarly to the Sumitomo ones, and retailed only in Germany.[34]. [22], In September 2010, some early commercial prototypes from manufacturers were demonstrated at Intel Developer Forum 2010. In February 2011, Apple introduced its new line of MacBook Pro notebook computers and announced that the technology's commercial name was Thunderbolt, with MacBook Pros being the first machines to feature the new I/O technology. If users extend the PCI Express bus (the most common high-speed expansion bus in systems as of 2018[update]) with Thunderbolt, it allows very low-level access to the computer. It can then invade the kernel, log keystrokes, or steal encryption keys. In June 2012, Apple began selling a Thunderbolt-to-gigabit Ethernet adaptor cable for US$29. Using services such as Telnet or SSH, the user creates a session on a second computer via Telnet, and from the second session, Telnets to a third and so on.
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